International communication class: INFORMATION-LEAKS: WILL NIGERIA BE AN EXCEPTION

International communication class: INFORMATION-LEAKS: WILL NIGERIA BE AN EXCEPTION
(08BE07290) Adeleke Ayooluwa
To start with the bill has been renamed Right to information bill by the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY and this leaves us with a puzzle to solve as to the meaning of this bill. There’s difference between Right and Freedom , right is what you are entitled to while freedom is the ability to exercise this right without restriction hence there’s no right without freedom and we all know that there’s no free freedom in life, many have argued that the freedom in life is choice but I beg to disagree by saying “life is not a choice when you have something at stake”! and this indicates that if the FOI bill was all free then we won’t be having this debate because it would have been signed into law a long time ago. The change in name to me shows something and that is that people may access this information but won’t have the freedom to use it and this the reason President Jonathan said in the presidential debate with himself that there are some part of the bill which has to be taken care of before he can think of signing it.
If I may ask why are some information classified? this question is important because many think it is because of the corrupt practices of the people in government that they classify information, well this may be true but the most important reason why information is classified is because of the danger associated with the general knowledge of it, with this as the case the definition of press freedom is challenged because it read thus, the access to information classified or not classified as long as it doesn’t endanger the people. Every classified information is injurious in one way or the other and that is the reason it is classified in the first place.
clause 2 of the bill provides that, “Every citizen of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has a legally enforceable right to, and shall, on application be given access to any information or record under the control of a government or public institution or private companies performing public functions, provided the disclosure of such information or release of such record(s) shall not compromise national security”. There’s no way national security won’t be compromised because freedom is anarchy and the Nigeria security system is not well equipped for the challenges this Bill will pose this is the reason that out of the 54 African countries only 4 have adopted it and out this four only one (South Africa) is well to do today because their security system is up to the task, the three others Uganda, Zimbabwe and Liberia are not in a stable state today reason being that after the bill was passed and access to information guaranteed the rebel forces were able to fight against the government because they know the defense database of the country and so they could challenge the system and use it to their advantage.
I am of the opinion that the bill shouldn’t be passed and that government is protecting us by classifying some information, as Emerson has rightly said that “there are somethings which a wise man should be ignorant about” and one of them is classified information because of the danger it posses to the socio-political cum economic system of the country. I agree that there are huge benefits if the bill is passed but the disadvantages weigh more on logical, moral, economic, technological and political balance than the advantages.
to think that Nigeria will be a pacesetter is an Ethiopian dream that cannot happen, press restriction has come to stay and it will till the end of time

INVENTION OF A 1000WATTS AC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

A great invention came up on the 5^TH  Febuary 2009 by some set of student from the department of Electrical & Information Engineering (EIE) in a great university the birth place of kings and queens, Covenant University.

Come to think of it, people talk about Nigeria that we are imperialized but these are little children who invented this 1000watts ac voltage regulator. This 1000watts ac voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more alternating current (AC) or direct current ( DC )voltages. With the exception of shunt regulators, all modern electronic voltage regulators operate by comparing the actual output voltage to some internal fixed reference voltage. Any difference is amplified and used to control the regulation element.

This forms a negative feedback servo control loop. If the output voltage is too low, the regulation element is commanded to produce a higher voltage. For some regulators if the output voltage is too high, the regulation element is commanded to produce a lower voltage; however, many just stop sourcing current and depend on the current draw of whatever it is driving to pull the voltage back down. In this way, the output voltage is held roughly constant. The control loop must be carefully designed to produce the desired tradeoff between stability and speed of response.

One of the student, Eyiowuawi Lanre a graduate of Covenant university said it took God’s grace to invent this 1000watts Ac voltage regulator because they went through a little stress. The 1000watts Ac voltage regulator has some component which are the Center-tap Transformer(120watts), Multi-tap transformer(1000watts), Relays (4), Resistors 33

hms resistors (5), 330 Ohms resistors, 1 KOhms Ohms resistors (8), 50 KOhms resistors (4), 1.5  KOhms Ohms resistors (2) and also the Variable resistors, Diodes (4), Zener diodes (4), Capacitor which are 1000mF,50V (1), 470mF,25V(4), 10mF,25V (4), Transistors, BC547 NPN Transistors (4), BC557 PNP Transistors (4).

A voltage stabilizer is a type of household mains regulator which uses a continuously variable autotransformer to maintain an AC output that is as close to the standard or normal mains voltage as possible, under conditions of fluctuation. It uses a servomechanism (or negative feedback) to control the position of the tap (or wiper) of the autotransformer, usually with a motor. An increase in the mains voltage causes the output to increase, which in turn causes the tap (or wiper) to move in the direction that reduces the output towards the nominal voltage.

The current first flows through the 120 watts step down transformer which steps the voltage down from 240V to 24V.Current then flows through the diodes arranged in a bridge rectification arrangement through the circuit, enabling the circuit to conduct in the two half cycles of the A.C wave form, converting it to D.C.  A capacitor is connected to the output of the diodes for filtering purposes before powering the circuit.

Another student, Ekoko Toriseju also mentioned about the There are four stages in this stabilizer. Stage 1 and 2 are for high and moderate voltages voltage stabilization respectively while stage 3 and 4 are for low and very low voltage stabilization respectively.

The small transformer is a center tap transformer (120watts). It is a step down transformer which steps down the 240v to 24v. He said in stage one When a very high AC voltage comes in it comes through this stage. The diodes rectify the voltage that is it converts the AC voltage to DC voltage, stage two when a normal voltage comes in, after the rectification, smoothening and the regulation of the current flowing through the transistors, the 2^nd relay is switched on and the voltage is neither stepped up nor stepped down, and gives the required constant output needed, stage three when a low voltage comes in the transformer steps up the stabilized voltage to the required output. Voltage goes through the 719 turns of the transformer and stage four : when an extremely low voltage comes in, the transformer steps up the stabilized voltage. The voltage goes through the total 819 turns of the transformer.

Electromechanical regulators have also been used to regulate the voltage on AC power distribution lines. These regulators generally operate by selecting the appropriate tap on a transformer with multiple taps.

I wonder why people go to United Kingdom or United State of America to go bring people from there for their electrical works; there are people who are talented in Nigeria. These students have put there learning into practise this invention happened in the second university in Nigeria try to encourage your country.

INTERVIEW WITH ENGINEER OGUNREMI SUNDAY on Direct current high voltage

NAME: Ogunremi Sunday

WHAT IS DC HIGH VOLTAGE?

There are two major type of electricity, we have  the alternative current and we have the direct current we cannot be saying alternative current and direct current all the time that is why we call it DC and AC. When the direct current is high from 11KG and above we say is high DC voltage .

IS IT TRUE THAT IT CAN PREVENT SHOCK SINCE THEY SAY THAT DC HIGH VOLTAGE SECONDARY SHOCK PREVENTION DEVICE?

I will not say that both the AC and DC VOLT THEY HAVE the capacity of electrocuting but that of Ac is more deadly because it involves frequency AC have frequency. Nigeria use 50s and 220 VOLT but in America they use 60s and 120 VOLT but anyone that involves frequency it we have more tendency of electrocution but DC does not have it has 0 frequency. When something of 5 VOLT will shock in AC in DC it will be like 25 or 30 VOLT that will shock in DC because of the frequency effect.

IS IT ADVISABLE TO USE DC IN ADOMACY AREARS LIKE OFFICES, HOSTEL E.T.C?

Yes ,at the origin of electricity in the world there are two people that did electricity they are telslam and Edison. Edison believe so much in DC, he formulate first power distribution setup for DC and he transmitted it. Telslam came with another idea AC is better to be transmitted than DC already it is Dc that first got recognition if we were to continue like that it is DC that we will be using now.  But there was little argument between them people said AC is better and some people said Dc is better so because of that they separated.

They came out with the fact that AC is deadly but the advantage is that they can regenerate it with our transformer. In DC you cannot do it through transformer it does not have alternative capacity it does not have frequency, it is just a straight line, It has 0 frequency. That is the main thing why they don’t use frequency at home.

THE BENEFIT OF DC HIGH VOLTAGE?

The advantage of DC has only two kilo, which is positive and negative you will not have to waste much of your money using three kilo in the other you will just use only two that is the positive and the negative and also the ability not to shock.

HOW SAVE IS DC HIGH VOLTAGE?

It s not 100% safe in engineering like our students now when we teach them, when they first came in 200lvl, they do science in 100lvl. The first thing we teach them is safety there is no engineering thing that is 100% save its only God that is 100% safe if i will be sincere with you , anything you see in engineering you cannot get a state of perfection  but you as a user you have the responsibility of  been safety conscious so direct current(DC)  is not 100% safe but is safer than (AC) like i said is just like 5 times  the other one.

So safety is the first thing that anybody that wants to use electricity must have at the back of their mind.

Number 1 : you don’t wear damp shirt or anything damp on your hand when operating on electric  it can kill fast

No 2: make sure that you don’t switch on the electric device when you have not tested, if you have ever worked  in electrical place before, i have worked when i was doing my internship, i have seen what they call real electric circuit. So that’s why he should be very careful 

In the lab we don’t tolerate any student behaving anyhow because we know that’s where the whole thing starts , you can get yourself killed easily , so the first thing you should have in mind is nothing is 100% safe in engineering.

Then since you know that safety conscious, we wrote some safety rules, when you come in that’s the first thing you see on the door, we have the safety rule that they must obey, so get it that nothing is 100% safe.

WHERE CAN THIS DC HIGH VOLTAGE BE USED?

It can be used in different places like if you have bothered to open your television we have the DC high voltage they call it light transformer in television its actually what produce the pixel you see on your screen when you turn on your TV that’s what illuminates the cathode tube that you have inside it, so the closest to us is television.

You can also use it to power DC motor there are other places some people use it for lightening too but the closest to us is television

IS THERE WAY WE CAN CONTROL DC HIGH VOLTAGE?

Yes just like AC anything that is applicable to AC you can use it also for DC the control is the same thing.

For example we have AC motor and DC motor when controlling them its actually a bit different with the component you are going to assemble.

ENGINEERING STUDENTS PRODUCE SOLAR TRACKER

“Have you ever imagine walking on air, getting to the place of work just by the pressing of  a button, or even like the new invention just discovered a flying car”.

“Who says nothing good can come out of Africa, and even in Nigeria, get set Nigeria, get set Africa, cause if you can remember that was what was said about of Nazareth the city Jesus came from, tighten your sit belt Africa and Nigeria, cause the flight to greatness is about taking off. As I introduce to you the invention of a solar tracker, the pilots in this case here are engineering students , I will advise you to pay attention as the flight begins”.

It begins like this,  solar tracker is a device that was built to be able to track a energy from the sun where its intensity is very high, and through and it can produce electricity that can be used to power home appliances, office equipments by converting the energy gotten from the sun into a direct current (DC) which is relatively safer and prevents electrocution unlike the alternative current (AC).

According to Mr. Sunday Ogunremi, one of the supervisors of this project, this device has every opportunity of saving Africa and Nigeria from the long lasting issue of light, because right from when the sun starts shinning the power is generated, and some of it can also be stored which will be used throughout the period the sun will set which is over night, so even in the night hour, homes can still enjoy this solar energy.

However, this solar tracker is heavily built with a large round dish which does the tracking movement of the sun, it also contain a metal rod that connect the dish, which gives it support on the ground and holds the dish at the same time.

In conclusion, this solar device is also contain in calculators today that aids mathematical calculations and arithmetic work easier. This device can also be used to charge phones, that is if a phone that has a low battery is beside this tracker it has the ability of charging the phone.

INVENTION OF A GSM CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM

A student of EIE during his final year project invented the Gsm Control and Monitoring System who won the best student in that program for the year.

Something new is beginning to happen in Nigeria now. This great invention happened in Covenant University the birth place of Kings and Queens; they have always been saying it and they continue to say it that they raise new generation of leaders.

In his project therefore, A Gsm Control and Monitoring System for Power Generator (GCMS) is designed to improve the operation and maintenance of power generators. The GCMS which includes two hardware modules which interact in a wireless communication provides functionality that allow users to control and monitor power generators from a remote location using a mobile phone.

Automatic power generating systems has become a source of alternative power supply in  Nigeria for business owners, corporate bodies, industries as well as individuals due to the epileptic condition of the electric power utility.

The proper management as embodied in the control and maintenance of such systems has remain a source of concern as power failure is critical to the productivity of such users especially industries and business owners.

How to go about using the Gsm Control and Monitoring System. Just imagine you at Aja and your house is at Ketu when there is no power supply in your house you will receive a message that there is no power supply so you will automatically switch on the generator with your phone, you can also check the fuel level and the oil level.

COVENANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS PRODUCES BREAKFAST DISPENSER

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ovenant university has once again proved themselves worthy by producing in may 2010 from the school of engineering graduates or eagles as they are called who produced the first of its kind a food dispenser.

This dispenser consist of different sections which makes up the entire system as the embedded system which help enhance the connectivity of the machine to a network to retrieve consumer credit records, to provide security and prevention of unauthorized personnel from using the machine, radio frequency identification (RFID) cards are issued to all permitted users.

More so, the touch panel displays all available breakfast on its screen and it is used to convey the consumer specifications. The DC (direct current) pump is been used for water control, pumping the required water (after the food content has been dispensed) at different temperature for the purpose.

Furthermore, this wonderful devise also consists of five (5) air tight containers which are he mounted on a firm mechanical support. These containers are to contain the necessary food content which involves milo, milk, coffee, cereal and sugar. A central rotating motor is also installed and its purpose is to carry and rotate the pan on which the bowl/cup is placed until it is situated under he required container.

Finally on this invention, this system help climate labor cost and working space, also save time and cost of having done manually. This device can be used in homes, institutions, offices and other organizations all over the world. The names of this distinguished students  are

OKPALA IFEANYI ANTHONY

OKONKWO SYLVESTER EMEKA

OGUNDE PRINCE IRORO

MAJARO ADERIYINKE SEUN